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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Confidence Coefficient01:24

Confidence Coefficient

The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under both the...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
07:32

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

Using confidence-based marking in a laboratory setting: A tool for student self-assessment and learning.

Deborah A Barr, Jeanmarie R Burke

    The Journal of Chiropractic Education
    |March 23, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Confidence-based marking (CBM) effectively assesses neuroanatomy learning in labs. This method helps students gauge their understanding of complex topics, improving self-assessment and knowledge retention.

    Keywords:
    ChiropracticEducational MeasurementLearning

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    Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
    10:26

    Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

    Published on: September 11, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience education
    • Medical education assessment

    Background:

    • Confidence-based marking (CBM) is an established assessment tool in medical schools.
    • Its application in the neuroanatomy laboratory setting requires further evaluation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of CBM in a neuroanatomy laboratory.
    • To assess CBM's utility as a tool for student self-assessment and learning in this context.

    Main Methods:

    • 224 Neuroscience I students participated over four trimesters.
    • Regional neuroanatomy multiple-choice question (MCQ) quizzes paired with confidence ratings were administered.
    • A three-level CBM scoring scheme was applied to the paired questions.

    Main Results:

    • High correlation found between correct answers and CBM scores across topics.
    • Student confidence levels accurately reflected quiz performance (p < .05).
    • Understanding was highest for spinal cord/medulla and lowest for midbrain/cerebrum.

    Conclusions:

    • CBM is a reliable strategy for promoting critical thinking based on knowledge.
    • The three-level CBM scoring scheme validly assesses learning of core neuroanatomic concepts.