Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A data-driven biology-based network model reproduces C. elegans premotor neural dynamics.

PLoS computational biology·2025

Same author

Immune, Developmental, and Synaptic Pathways Define Bipolar Disorder Clinical Heterogeneity.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Same author

Heterogeneity analysis provides evidence for a genetically homogeneous subtype of bipolar-disorder.

PloS one·2025

Same author

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Nature·2025

Same author

A new statistical metric for robust target detection in cryo-EM using 2D template matching.

IUCrJ·2025

Same author

Detecting Boolean Asymmetric Relationships With a Loop Counting Technique and its Implications for Analyzing Heterogeneity Within Gene Expression Datasets.

IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

Emergent dynamics in a model of visual cortex.

Aaditya V Rangan¹, Lai-Sang Young

¹Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA, rangan@cims.nyu.edu.

Journal of Computational Neuroscience

|March 23, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Network dynamics in the mammalian visual cortex are structured by multiple-firing events (MFEs). These events, involving excitatory and inhibitory neuron firing, significantly shape visual processing and offer a new signature for understanding neural activity regimes.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Visualization of Spontaneous Activity in Neonatal Mouse Sensory Cortex at a Single-Neuron Resolution

In Vivo Visualization of Spontaneous Activity in Neonatal Mouse Sensory Cortex at a Single-Neuron Resolution

Published on: November 21, 2023

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

In Vivo Visualization of Spontaneous Activity in Neonatal Mouse Sensory Cortex at a Single-Neuron Resolution

In Vivo Visualization of Spontaneous Activity in Neonatal Mouse Sensory Cortex at a Single-Neuron Resolution

Published on: November 21, 2023

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Computational neuroscience
Systems neuroscience
Neuroscience

Background:

Mammalian visual cortex exhibits complex network dynamics.
Understanding the mechanisms shaping these dynamics is crucial for neuroscience.
Existing models may not fully capture the role of precise neural firing patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and investigate the role of 'multiple-firing events' (MFEs) in shaping visual cortex network dynamics.
To model the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neural populations.
To identify MFEs as potential signatures of distinct neural activity regimes.

Main Methods:

Development of a spiking neural network model simulating a patch of V1 layer 2/3.
Benchmarking the model against known phenomena in the mammalian visual cortex.
Analysis of causal relationships between dynamical events, focusing on excitatory-inhibitory competition.
Dynamical analysis to identify MFE characteristics and their relation to network regimes.

Main Results:

The model successfully reproduces key visual cortex phenomena (spontaneous activity, orientation tuning, surround suppression, gamma oscillations).
MFEs are identified as a significant factor structuring network dynamics.
A strong competition between excitatory and inhibitory populations drives these dynamics.
MFE characteristics are proposed as a powerful signature of neural activity regimes, alongside firing rates.

Conclusions:

Network dynamics in the mammalian visual cortex are highly structured by MFEs.
MFEs provide a novel perspective on neural computation, complementing firing rate analysis.
The study proposes testable predictions for future experimental validation.