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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...
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Neurotrophins and synaptic plasticity.

Andrea Gómez-Palacio-Schjetnan1, Martha L Escobar

  • 1División de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are key proteins in central synaptic plasticity. These neurotrophins significantly enhance synaptic transmission, supporting learning and memory processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Long-term synaptic modifications are fundamental to information storage in the central nervous system.
  • Neurotrophins are critical molecular mediators of central synaptic plasticity.
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) play vital roles in learning and memory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on the role of BDNF and NT-3 in long-term synaptic plasticity.
  • To elucidate the permissive and instructive effects of these neurotrophins on synaptic function.
  • To highlight the contribution of BDNF and NT-3 to synaptic stabilization, maturation, and formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on BDNF, NT-3, and synaptic plasticity.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating the impact of neurotrophin administration on synaptic transmission.
  • Examination of research on the effects of neurotrophins on synaptic structure and electrical properties.

Main Results:

  • BDNF and NT-3 exert both permissive and instructive influences on synaptic plasticity.
  • These neurotrophins stabilize and mature existing synapses and promote the formation of new ones.
  • Administration of BDNF or NT-3 induces significant long-term increases in synaptic transmission, akin to long-term potentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Neurotrophins like BDNF and NT-3 are crucial for long-term synaptic plasticity.
  • Their modulation of synaptic electrical properties and structure marks them as key biological markers for learning and memory.
  • Understanding neurotrophin function is essential for deciphering the neurobiological underpinnings of memory formation.