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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoprobes for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Detection
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Diagnosing tuberculous meningitis - have we made any progress?

Jennifer Ho1, Ben J Marais, Gwendolyn L Gilbert

  • 1Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. jho@gmp.usyd.edu.au

Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult due to non-specific symptoms and tests with low sensitivity. New diagnostic strategies are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality from TBM.

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Published on: September 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • * Neurology
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Microbiology

Background:

  • * Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a major global health concern, causing significant illness and death, particularly in children and HIV-positive individuals.
  • * Diagnosis is challenging due to vague symptoms and insensitive laboratory tests like smear microscopy and culture, which often yield negative results in TBM cases.
  • * Current diagnostic limitations necessitate the exploration of advanced methods to improve early and accurate TBM detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review current and emerging diagnostic tests for tuberculous meningitis (TBM).
  • * To identify gaps in diagnostic capabilities and highlight areas for future research.
  • * To emphasize the need for improved diagnostic strategies to reduce TBM-related morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of current and novel diagnostic approaches for TBM.
  • * Analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of established diagnostic tools (smear microscopy, culture).
  • * Evaluation of emerging technologies, including nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and biomarker assays.

Main Results:

  • * Conventional methods like smear microscopy and culture have limited sensitivity for TBM diagnosis.
  • * Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) show promise but require optimization for CSF samples.
  • * Novel biomarkers and interferon-gamma release assays need further validation for clinical utility.

Conclusions:

  • * There is a critical need for more sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for TBM.
  • * Further research into optimized NAATs and novel biomarkers is essential.
  • * Developing improved diagnostic strategies will help decrease the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with TBM.