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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging
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Published on: March 31, 2022

Holographic thermalization at intermediate coupling.

Dominik Steineder1, Stefan A Stricker, Aleksi Vuorinen

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technical University of Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.

Physical Review Letters
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied the thermalization of super Yang-Mills plasma using the AdS/CFT conjecture. Decreasing coupling strength revealed a shift in the plasma

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Quantum field theory
  • String theory

Background:

  • The AdS/CFT correspondence provides a powerful tool for studying strongly coupled quantum field theories.
  • Understanding thermalization in quantum plasmas is crucial for various areas of physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the thermalization of N = 4 super Yang-Mills plasma at large N(c) and finite 't Hooft coupling.
  • Analyze corrections to prompt photon emission spectra in holographic thermalization models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the AdS/CFT conjecture.
  • Supplemented the type IIB supergravity action with O(α('3)) operators.
  • Derived O(λ(-3/2)) corrections to photon emission spectra.

Main Results:

  • Observed a qualitative change in photon spectral density as coupling strength decreased.
  • The spectral density's approach to the thermal limit varied with photon energy.
  • Identified a shift in the thermalization pattern from top-down to bottom-up.

Conclusions:

  • The observed changes in photon emission spectra indicate a transition in the plasma's thermalization mechanism.
  • This study provides insights into the dynamics of thermalization in strongly coupled systems.