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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Developmental trends in adaptive memory.

Henry Otgaar1, Mark L Howe, Tom Smeets

  • 1a Clinical Psychological Science , Maastricht University , The Netherlands.

Memory (Hove, England)
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory recall improves when information is processed for survival. This survival processing advantage is consistent across development, with elaboration and distinctiveness underlying these memory trends.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Published on: April 28, 2016

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Published on: June 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Memory performance is enhanced when information is processed for fitness-related purposes.
  • Evolutionary principles suggest that survival-related information may be prioritized in memory systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental trends in the evolutionary basis of memory.
  • To examine how survival processing affects memory across different age groups and stimulus types.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Presented 11-year-olds and adults with neutral, negative, and survival-related word lists (DRM paradigm).
  • Experiment 2: Used neutral, negative, and survival-related pictures within the survival processing paradigm across different age groups (7/8-year-olds, 11/12-year-olds, adults).
  • Experiment 3: Assessed memory retention in 11/12-year-olds and adults under standard survival, adapted survival, and pleasantness conditions.

Main Results:

  • A memory benefit for survival-related words was observed, alongside increased false memories for these items.
  • A survival processing advantage was found for survival pictures in adults, negative pictures in 11/12-year-olds, and neutral pictures in 7/8-year-olds.
  • Both children and adults showed superior memory retention for survival scenarios compared to a pleasantness condition.

Conclusions:

  • The survival processing advantage in memory is developmentally invariant.
  • Mechanisms such as elaboration and distinctiveness play a role in these developmental memory trends.