Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

Overview
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Learned statistical regularity modulates anticipatory micro-saccades toward suppressed distractor locations.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

An open multi-center MEG-EEG dataset for studying conscious visual perception.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Cross-modal interaction of human alpha activity does not reflect inhibition of early sensory processing in a frequency-tagging study using EEG and MEG.

eLife·2026
Same author

Hierarchical brain dynamics supporting visual perceptual transitions.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) does not evoke intermodulation components in the neural response.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Consensus Report of Group 2 of the 1st Global Consensus for Clinical Guidelines for the Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Maxilla: Zygomatic, Standard-Length, and Short Implant-Supported Prostheses.

Clinical oral implants research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice
07:04

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

The θ-γ neural code.

John E Lisman1, Ole Jensen

  • 1Brandeis University, Department of Biology & Volen Center for Complex Systems, 415 South Street-MS 008, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA. lisman@brandeis.edu

Neuron
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Brain oscillations, theta and gamma, interact via cross-frequency coupling to form an ordered code for multiple items. This neural coding is vital for memory and sensory processing, coordinating brain communication.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Theta and gamma oscillations coexist in brain regions and interact through cross-frequency coupling.
  • This interaction suggests a potential neural code for information representation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting the hypothesis that dual theta and gamma oscillations form an ordered code for multiple items.
  • To explore the functional significance and implications of this neural coding mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and experimental findings.
  • Analysis of studies correlating oscillatory properties with memory states and performance.
  • Examination of research on the effects of disrupting oscillations on memory.

More Related Videos

Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Cells for In Vivo Studies
09:21

Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Cells for In Vivo Studies

Published on: April 23, 2015

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice
07:04

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Cells for In Vivo Studies
09:21

Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Cells for In Vivo Studies

Published on: April 23, 2015

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Main Results:

  • Cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma oscillations provides a mechanism for ordered representation, particularly demonstrated in the hippocampus for spatial information.
  • Evidence links oscillatory properties and their coupling to memory states and performance.
  • Disrupting these oscillations negatively impacts memory functions.

Conclusions:

  • The dual theta-gamma oscillation code is a fundamental mechanism for representing multiple items in an ordered manner.
  • This coding scheme is crucial for coordinating inter-regional brain communication and plays a role in both memory and sensory processing.