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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...

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Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea
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Analysis of ciliary assembly and function in planaria.

Panteleimon Rompolas1, Juliette Azimzadeh, Wallace F Marshall

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. panteleimon.rompolas@yale.edu

Methods in Enzymology
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planarians are excellent models for studying cilia biology due to their conserved ciliary structures and genetic tractability. This chapter details laboratory maintenance and experimental protocols for cilia research in planarians.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Invertebrate Zoology

Background:

  • Planarians possess abundant, conserved motile cilia on their ventral epithelium, crucial for locomotion.
  • These cilia exhibit a standard 9+2 axoneme structure with complete dynein motor complements.
  • Planarians are ideal for cilia research due to genetic amenability and tolerance to ciliary defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive guide for using planarians in cilia biology research.
  • To outline protocols for maintaining planarians and performing gene knockdown studies.
  • To describe methods for analyzing cilia structure, function, and motility.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory cultivation and maintenance of planarian models.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) for gene loss-of-function studies.
  • Live video microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy for structural and physiological analysis.
  • Assays for quantifying ciliary beat frequency and planarian locomotion.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for planarian introduction and maintenance.
  • Detailed RNAi methods for targeted gene knockdown in cilia.
  • Demonstrated various imaging techniques for cilia analysis.
  • Presented assays for measuring ciliary motility and locomotion.

Conclusions:

  • Planarians offer a powerful and accessible model system for investigating cilia biology.
  • The provided protocols facilitate genetic and imaging studies of cilia function and structure.
  • This chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of cilia biology.