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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

ELF4 regulates GIGANTEA chromatin access through subnuclear sequestration.

Yumi Kim1, Junhyun Lim, Miji Yeom

  • 1Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.

Cell Reports
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Plant circadian clock protein GIGANTEA (GI) dynamically changes its nuclear location. EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) regulates GI distribution, impacting photoperiodic flowering time in Arabidopsis.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

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08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Plants utilize the circadian clock to sense day and night length.
  • Circadian rhythms involve transcriptional/translational loops and spatial regulation, like nuclear translocation.
  • GIGANTEA (GI) is a key Arabidopsis circadian clock component known to form nuclear bodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the subnuclear localization dynamics and roles of GIGANTEA (GI).
  • To identify regulators of GI nuclear distribution.
  • To understand how GI compartmentalization impacts photoperiodic flowering.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of GI subnuclear compartmentalization.
  • Analysis of dynamic changes in GI localization under diurnal conditions.
  • Identification of EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) as a GI nuclear distribution regulator via physical interaction.

Main Results:

  • GI exhibits dynamic subnuclear compartmentalization under diurnal conditions.
  • EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) physically interacts with GI.
  • ELF4 sequesters GI from the nucleoplasm to discrete nuclear bodies, affecting GI's binding to the CONSTANS (CO) promoter.

Conclusions:

  • GI subnuclear localization is dynamic and regulated by diurnal cycles.
  • The physical interaction between ELF4 and GI is crucial for GI nuclear distribution.
  • ELF4-mediated GI compartmentalization plays a role in regulating photoperiodic flowering in plants.