Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimodal Quantitative MRI Atlas of the Human Brain in Healthy Young Adults.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·2025
Same author

Performance of treatment response scoring systems among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy therapies.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2025
Same author

Unmasking paramagnetic rim multiple sclerosis lesions: the advantages of quantitative susceptibility mapping over phase imaging.

Brain communications·2025
Same author

Uncovering alternative diagnoses in patients with clinical syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A transversal study from the prospective Barcelona CIS cohort.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2025
Same author

Age-Related Disability Outcomes After a First Demyelinating Event.

Neurology·2025
Same author

Contribution of Blood Biomarkers to Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Brain atrophy and lesion load predict long term disability in multiple sclerosis.

Veronica Popescu1, Federica Agosta, Hanneke E Hulst

  • 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. v.popescu@vumc.nl

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Brain atrophy and lesion volume changes are key predictors of long-term multiple sclerosis (MS) disability. These MRI measures, including whole brain and central atrophy, help forecast disease progression over a decade.

Keywords:
MRIMULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

More Related Videos

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by progressive disability.
  • Predicting long-term clinical evolution in MS is crucial for patient management and treatment strategies.
  • Current prediction models may not fully capture the impact of neuroimaging markers on disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive power of brain atrophy and lesion volumes for 10-year clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis.
  • To assess the complementary roles of different MRI-derived metrics in forecasting MS disability.
  • To evaluate these predictors across various MS subtypes and disability levels.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 261 MS patients from eight MAGNIMS centers with MRI and EDSS data over 10 years.
  • Calculation of annualised whole brain atrophy, central brain atrophy rates, and T2 lesion volumes.
  • Linear regression models used to test the predictive value of baseline and follow-up MRI metrics on 10-year EDSS and MS Severity Scale scores.

Main Results:

  • Whole brain and central atrophy significantly predicted 10-year EDSS in the overall MS cohort.
  • A combined model using central atrophy and lesion volume change demonstrated strong predictive accuracy (R²=0.74).
  • Specific MRI metrics showed differential predictive value across MS subtypes and disability levels, with central atrophy being predictive in minimally impaired patients and lesion volumes in moderately impaired patients.

Conclusions:

  • Brain atrophy and lesion volumes are valuable, complementary predictors of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis.
  • These neuroimaging markers can enhance the prediction of disease progression over a 10-year period.
  • The findings support the integration of advanced MRI analysis into routine MS patient monitoring and prognostication.