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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Advanced Confocal Microscopy Techniques to Study Protein-protein Interactions and Kinetics at DNA Lesions
12:43

Advanced Confocal Microscopy Techniques to Study Protein-protein Interactions and Kinetics at DNA Lesions

Published on: November 12, 2017

DNA damage as a biological sensor for environmental sunlight.

André Passaglia Schuch1, Camila Carrião Machado Garcia, Kazuo Makita

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes DNA damage and cell death. DNA biosensors effectively measure UV

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known genotoxic agent impacting ecosystems and human health.
  • Scientific efforts focus on understanding sunlight's role in DNA damage, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis.
  • Concerns about UV radiation necessitate monitoring and protective strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review general aspects of UV radiation at Earth's surface.
  • To compare DNA photoproduct formation and its role in biological effects.
  • To present DNA-based biosensors for evaluating sunlight-induced DNA damage and sunscreen efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physical and biological sensors for monitoring solar UV radiation.
  • Comparison of DNA photoproducts and DNA damage types induced by different UV wavelengths.
  • Application of DNA-based biosensors using DNA repair-deficient cells to assess DNA damage and photoprotection.

Main Results:

  • Environmental measurements reveal the biological impact of sunlight and its effect on DNA damage profiles globally.
  • DNA-based biosensors are effective molecular tools for evaluating DNA lesions from natural sunlight.
  • Sunscreen photoprotection against DNA damage and cell death can be quantified using these biosensors.

Conclusions:

  • DNA-based biosensors are reliable for measuring variations in the genotoxic impact of solar UV radiation.
  • These biosensors offer complementary methods for assessing environmental genotoxicity.
  • The efficacy of sunscreens in preventing DNA damage and cell death can be reliably determined.