Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Improved subjective sleep quality in older adults by enhancing the GABAergic system in the sensorimotor cortex.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Same author

Specific collagen peptides supplementation increases collagen type I content in skeletal muscle after 12 weeks of high-load resistance training: a randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in physiology·2026

Same author

The relationship between exposure to long-term training, neuromuscular function and muscular structure in adolescents with cerebral palsy and typically-developed peers: a cross-sectional follow-up analysis.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026

Same author

Differential impact of various in-class physical exercise interventions on cognitive function and mathematics achievement in primary school children.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Functional and structural connectome-based predictive modelling of balance in elderly adults.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Balance Training-Related Changes in Intracortical Inhibition and Symptom Severity in a Patient with Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Single-Case Study.

Brain sciences·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Specific interpretation of augmented feedback changes motor performance and cortical processing.

Benedikt Lauber¹, Martin Keller, Christian Leukel

¹Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr. 175, 79117, Freiburg, Germany. benedikt.lauber@sport.uni-freiburg.de

Experimental Brain Research

|March 26, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how people interpret augmented feedback is key to improving motor task performance. Believing feedback is about force, not position, extends endurance and alters brain activity, suggesting distinct neural controls.

More Related Videos

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Motor control and learning
Neuroscience
Human motor performance

Background:

Augmented feedback enhances motor task performance.
The specific interpretation of feedback signals may influence motor outcomes.
Distinct neural pathways may control force and position.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if interpreting external feedback differently affects task failure time during sustained contractions.
To determine if feedback interpretation modulates motor cortical activity.
To explore the neural control mechanisms underlying force and position.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted involving sustained submaximal contractions (30% MVC) of the thumb and index finger.
Participants received either position (pF-group) or force (fF-group) feedback, with manipulated beliefs about the feedback type.
Subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex assessed cortical activity.

Main Results:

Task failure time increased when participants believed they were receiving force feedback, regardless of the actual feedback type.
Motor cortical activity, measured via TMS, was higher when participants believed they were receiving position feedback.
These findings indicate that the interpretation of feedback significantly influences motor behavior and neural activity.

Conclusions:

The interpretation of augmented feedback plays a crucial role in motor performance and neural adaptation.
Results support the hypothesis of distinct neural control systems for force and position.
Understanding feedback interpretation is vital for optimizing motor learning and rehabilitation strategies.