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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
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Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.

M H J Knapen1, N E Drummen, E Smit

  • 1VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-dose vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) supplements improved vitamin K status and reduced age-related bone loss in postmenopausal women. MK-7 supplementation also enhanced bone strength, suggesting a role in preventing osteoporosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Bone Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vitamin K's role in bone health is supported by EFSA, but data on supplementation efficacy is mixed.
  • Previous studies showed benefits of high-dose vitamin K1 and K2 (menaquinone-4) in postmenopausal women.
  • Longer half-life and higher potency of MK-7 prompted investigation into its effects on bone health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-7) supplementation on bone health in postmenopausal women.
  • To assess MK-7's impact on bone mineral density, bone strength, and vitamin K status.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year randomized controlled trial involving 244 healthy postmenopausal women.
  • Participants received either placebo or 180 μg/day MK-7.
  • Bone mineral density (DXA), bone strength indices, vertebral fractures, and vitamin K status (ucOC/cOC ratio) were measured.

Main Results:

  • MK-7 supplementation significantly improved vitamin K status.
  • A decrease in age-related decline in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was observed.
  • Favorable effects on bone strength and reduced loss in vertebral height were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Low-dose MK-7 supplements show potential in preventing bone loss among postmenopausal women.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these findings apply to other populations like children and men.