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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

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Automatic delineation of tumor volumes by co-segmentation of combined PET/MR data.

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Correlation of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis and clinical outcome after peritonectomy and HIPEC after 3 years of follow-up: preliminary results.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

[Median craniofacial clefts].

N Schwenzer1, W Haßler

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.

Mund-, Kiefer- Und Gesichtschirurgie : MKG
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Median craniofacial clefts, including nasal clefts with hypertelorism and encephaloceles, require tailored surgical correction. Early soft-tissue repair followed by later skeletal reconstruction yields positive outcomes without growth disturbances.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Surgery

Context:

  • Median craniofacial clefts present complex challenges, involving nasal deformities and skull base involvement.
  • Associated conditions include hypertelorism and encephaloceles, impacting facial aesthetics and neurological function.
  • This study focuses on a cohort of pediatric patients with severe median craniofacial deformities.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the surgical management and outcomes of median craniofacial clefts in pediatric patients.
  • To assess the efficacy of early soft-tissue repair and delayed skeletal reconstruction.
  • To determine the long-term impact of surgical interventions on facial and jaw growth.

Summary:

  • The study reviewed 22 patients with median craniofacial deformities, including nasal clefts with hypertelorism and encephaloceles.
  • Surgical correction involved early soft-tissue procedures (within the first year) and later nasal skeletal reconstruction (after age 12).
  • Plate osteosynthesis was the preferred stabilization method, with material removal post-consolidation.

Impact:

  • Surgical correction of median craniofacial clefts can achieve favorable aesthetic and functional results.
  • Craniotomies and hypertelorism corrections did not result in midface or jaw growth disturbances.
  • Individualized treatment plans are crucial due to the diverse nature of these deformities.