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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

A Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Therapy for Bronchial Asthma: Moxibustion

A Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Therapy for Bronchial Asthma: Moxibustion

Published on: May 12, 2023

Arterial inflammation in bronchial asthma.

Jayanthi Vijayakumar¹, Sharath Subramanian, Parmanand Singh

¹Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology : Official Publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology

|March 26, 2013

Summary

Patients with bronchial asthma show increased arterial inflammation, detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), even with low cardiovascular risk scores. This suggests asthma may elevate cardiovascular event risk beyond current assessments.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Pulmonology
Nuclear Medicine

Background:

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to higher cardiovascular event rates.
Assessing arterial inflammation via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in asthma patients with low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate arterial inflammation using FDG-PET/CT in patients with bronchial asthma.
To compare arterial inflammation in asthmatics versus non-asthmatic individuals with varying cardiovascular risk profiles.

Main Methods:

102 patients underwent FDG-PET/CT imaging.
34 mild asthma patients without known atherosclerotic disease were compared to 2 control groups (age/gender/risk score-matched and gender-matched with atherosclerosis).
Arterial FDG uptake (Target-to-Background Ratio - TBR) was assessed by blinded readers.

Main Results:

Asthmatics exhibited significantly higher aortic TBR compared to age/gender/risk score-matched controls (1.96 ± 0.26 vs 1.76 ± 0.20; P < .001).
Elevated aortic TBR in asthmatics persisted after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P < .001).
Aortic FDG uptake inversely correlated with lung function (FEV1: P = .02; peak flow: P = .03).

Conclusions:

Bronchial asthma is associated with arterial inflammation exceeding current cardiovascular risk stratification.
Further research is needed to determine if reducing systemic inflammation in asthma can lower cardiovascular event risk.