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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management

Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser
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Published on: May 9, 2018

Neurologic complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Abbas Basiri1, Mohammad Hossein Soltani, Mohammadreza Kamranmanesh

  • 1Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Korean Journal of Urology
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Air injection during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) may cause serious neurologic complications like paraplegia. Avoiding air and using contrast during PCNL in the prone position under general anesthesia is recommended.

Keywords:
ComplicationsNephrolithotomyNeurologic deficitsParaplegia

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard procedure for large renal stones in Iran.
  • Recent cases highlight severe neurologic complications, including paraplegia, following PCNL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and potential causes of neurologic complications, specifically paraplegia, after PCNL.
  • To identify risk factors associated with these adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records from 13 endourologic centers.
  • Data collection on neurologic complications (coma, paraplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia) following PCNL procedures.

Main Results:

  • Out of 30,666 PCNL procedures, 11 cases had neurologic events; four experienced paraplegia.
  • All neurologic events occurred in the prone position with general anesthesia and air injection.
  • No neurologic complications were reported when contrast injection was used instead of air.

Conclusions:

  • Air injection to opacify the collecting system is a likely cause of these neurologic complications.
  • The prone position and general anesthesia may increase the risk of these events when air is used.