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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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The Establishment of a Murine Mandibular Molar Extraction Socket Healing Model
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Rethinking Antillothrix: the mandible and its implications.

Alfred L Rosenberger1, Zachary S Klukkert, Siobhán B Cooke

  • 1Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA. alfredr@brooklyn.cuny.edu

American Journal of Primatology
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A newly discovered mandible of Antillothrix bernensis provides key insights into extinct Caribbean primate evolution. This fossil confirms its placement within the Pitheciidae family, refining our understanding of primate phylogeny.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Primate Evolution
  • Caribbean Biogeography

Background:

  • The phylogenetic position of extinct Greater Antillean primates remains debated.
  • Limited fossil evidence, particularly for lower dentition, has hindered definitive classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the phylogenetic affinities of Antillothrix bernensis.
  • To utilize new fossil discoveries to clarify primate evolutionary relationships in the Caribbean.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a virtually complete mandible of Antillothrix bernensis.
  • Biometric analysis using 3D geometric morphometrics on extant platyrrhine genera.
  • Comparative analysis with fossil platyrrhines, including Xenothrix mcgregori.

Main Results:

  • The Antillothrix bernensis mandible reveals unique lower dentition, aligning it with Pitheciidae.
  • 3D geometric morphometrics show morphological similarity to Callicebus and Aotus, but distinctness from cebines.
  • Dental features suggest a closer relationship to Insulacebus and Xenothrix, indicating shared ancestry or convergent evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Antillothrix bernensis is reclassified from Cebidae to Pitheciidae, supporting long-standing hypotheses.
  • The findings suggest a complex evolutionary history for Caribbean primates, potentially involving vicariance or dispersal events.
  • Xenothrix mcgregori may have originated from an ancestral population on Hispaniola, subsequently isolated in Jamaica.