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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

mRNA export: threading the needle.

Ouassila Gaouar1, Hugo Germain

  • 1Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Chimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The plant protein MOS11 (MODIFIER OF SNC1, 11) is crucial for nuclear mRNA export, impacting plant immunity. Its human ortholog, CIP29, also interacts with mRNA export factors, suggesting conserved roles in stress responses.

Keywords:
ALYCIP29MOS11RNA helicaseTAF15bTAFsmRNA exportsnc1

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • RNA biology
  • Biotic stress response

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) biogenesis involves numerous proteins ensuring proper export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
  • Proteins involved in mRNA export bind RNA during transcription or later processing steps, facilitating transport to the nuclear pore.
  • The Arabidopsis protein MOS11 (MODIFIER OF SNC1, 11) was found to partially suppress autoimmune responses in the snc1 mutant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MOS11 in nuclear mRNA export and its connection to plant immunity.
  • To explore the function of MOS11 and its putative human ortholog CIP29 in mRNA export pathways.
  • To discuss the significance of MOS11, CIP29, and associated proteins (DDX39, TAF15, ALY) in plant biotic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Arabidopsis plant knockout mutants (mos11-1 snc1) to assess autoimmune responses and mRNA export.
  • Identification and characterization of protein interactions involving human CIP29 and mRNA export factors (DDX39, TAF15, ALY).
  • Review and discussion of the known and potential roles of these proteins in plants.

Main Results:

  • The mos11-1 snc1 Arabidopsis mutant exhibits suppressed autoimmune responses, linked to a decrease in nuclear mRNA export.
  • The human protein CIP29 (cytokine-induced protein 29 kDa) interacts with known mRNA export proteins: DDX39 (DEAD-box RNA helicase), TAF15 (FUS family), and ALY (ALWAYS EARLY).

Conclusions:

  • MOS11 plays a significant role in nuclear mRNA export in Arabidopsis, influencing the regulation of plant immunity.
  • Conserved interactions between human CIP29 and mRNA export factors suggest a conserved mechanism for mRNA export and potentially stress response across species.
  • Further research into plant orthologs of CIP29, DDX39, TAF15, and ALY is warranted to elucidate their roles in mRNA export and plant biotic stress.