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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
06:27

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts

Published on: May 16, 2020

Proteolytic factors in exosomes.

Masayuki Shimoda1, Rama Khokha

  • 1Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Proteomics
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes, tiny vesicles involved in cell communication, carry metalloproteinases. These proteases on exosomes may alter recipient cell surfaces, impacting human diseases like cancer.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
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Sample Preparation and Imaging of Exosomes by Transmission Electron Microscopy
11:15

Sample Preparation and Imaging of Exosomes by Transmission Electron Microscopy

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08:34

Identification of Peptides of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 30, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication, originating from the endosomal pathway.
  • Their precise biological functions and roles in human diseases remain incompletely understood.
  • Proteomic analyses have identified various proteins within exosomes, including metalloproteinases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review exosome biology, focusing on proteolytic factors.
  • To explore the role of metalloproteinases within exosomes.
  • To discuss the implications of exosome-associated proteases in human diseases, particularly cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of exosome biology and function.
  • Analysis of proteomic data identifying metalloproteinases in exosomes.
  • Discussion of the functional implications of exosome-mediated protein transfer.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes contain a variety of metalloproteinases, including ADAMs and MMPs.
  • These proteases on exosomes can shed ectodomains from recipient cell surfaces.
  • Exosomes facilitate the transfer of active metalloproteinases between cells.

Conclusions:

  • Metalloproteinases on exosomes represent a significant functional component of these vesicles.
  • Exosome-bound metalloproteinases may play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis, especially in tumor microenvironments.
  • Further research into exosome proteases is warranted to understand their therapeutic and diagnostic potential.