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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Visual Agnosia01:12

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Vision01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Visual working memory contents bias ambiguous structure from motion perception.

Lisa Scocchia1, Matteo Valsecchi, Karl R Gegenfurtner

  • 1Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. scocchia@fias.uni-frankfurt.de

Plos One
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Holding information in working memory (WM) influences visual perception. Prior visual experiences stored in WM can bias the perception of subsequent ambiguous motion stimuli, affecting how we see the world.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Working Memory

Background:

  • Visual perception is dynamic and observer-dependent.
  • The influence of internal cognitive states on perception is a key area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how holding visual information in working memory (WM) affects the perception of ambiguous motion stimuli.
  • To determine if WM actively maintains motion percepts and biases subsequent visual processing.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed unambiguous rotating spheres and then ambiguous structure-from-motion stimuli.
  • Experimental conditions manipulated whether participants held the motion percept in WM or performed an immediate attention-based task.
  • Analysis focused on dominance periods and time-course of perceptual decisions.

Main Results:

  • Holding an unambiguous motion percept in WM biased the perceived direction of a subsequent ambiguous stimulus.
  • Congruent dominance periods (perceived direction matched the memorized one) were more frequent under WM conditions, especially with delayed judgments.
  • WM led to a sustained bias in perceived motion direction, unlike attention, which returned to baseline.

Conclusions:

  • Active visual representations in working memory directly influence ongoing visual perception.
  • Early visual areas are likely involved in maintaining these motion representations within WM.
  • This demonstrates a top-down modulation of visual processing by memory states.