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The Turkey Ig-like receptor family: identification, expression and function.

Katharina Windau¹, Birgit C Viertlboeck, Thomas W Göbel

¹Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

|March 26, 2013

Summary

Researchers identified turkey Ig-like receptors (TILR), homologous to chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIR), in turkeys but not ducks or zebra finches. These receptors predominantly function on thrombocytes, offering insights into avian immune system evolution.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Comparative genomics

Background:

The chicken leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) encodes diverse Ig-like receptors (CHIR) crucial for immune responses.
CHIR genes are divided into activating (CHIR-A), inhibitory (CHIR-B), and bifunctional (CHIR-AB) subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of CHIR homologues in other avian species.
To determine the function and cellular distribution of identified turkey LRC genes.

Main Methods:

Genome-wide screening using BLAST searches and keyword analysis in turkey, duck, and zebra finch databases.
Amplification and sequencing of full-length turkey Ig-like receptors (TILR) from RNA.
Functional assays including IgY binding confirmation and monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity tests on leukocytes.

Main Results:

CHIR homologues (TILR) were identified in turkeys but not in ducks or zebra finches.
Six full-length TILR were characterized: one TILR-A, one TILR-B, and four TILR-AB.
TILR-AB proteins bound IgY from gallinaceous birds, and specific monoclonal antibodies reacted with turkey thrombocytes.

Conclusions:

Turkeys possess TILR genes similar to chicken CHIR, with distinct evolutionary patterns.
TILR are predominantly expressed on thrombocytes in turkeys, unlike the lymphocyte-predominant expression in chickens.
This finding highlights variations in avian leukocyte receptor complex distribution and potential functional divergence.