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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview01:19

Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

New dinuclear ruthenium complexes: structure and oxidative catalysis.

Carlo Di Giovanni1, Lydia Vaquer, Xavier Sala

  • 1Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.

Inorganic Chemistry
|March 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

New dinuclear ruthenium complexes were synthesized and studied. One complex efficiently catalyzes alkene epoxidation, demonstrating high turnover numbers and stereospecificity, while showing moderate water oxidation efficiency.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
07:12

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor

Published on: October 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Development of novel dinuclear ruthenium complexes with pyridazine-3,6-dicarboxylate linkers.
  • Investigation of complexes featuring 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize new dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes.
  • Evaluate the redox properties and catalytic activities of these complexes, particularly in water oxidation and alkene epoxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dinuclear ruthenium complexes.
  • Characterization using analytical, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction techniques.
  • Electrochemical studies via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of {[Ru(II)(trpy)]2(μ-pdz-dc)(μ-(L)}(+) complexes (L = Cl, OH).
  • The derived Ru-aqua complex {[Ru(II)(trpy)(H2O)]2(μ-pdz-dc)}(2+) exhibits moderate catalytic efficiency in water oxidation.
  • This Ru-aqua complex demonstrates superb catalytic performance in alkene epoxidation, achieving 1320 turnovers for cis-β-methylstyrene with high stereospecificity.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized dinuclear ruthenium complexes offer versatile platforms for catalytic applications.
  • The Ru-aqua derivative is a highly effective catalyst for stereospecific alkene epoxidation.
  • While showing moderate water oxidation capabilities, its potential in selective organic transformations is significant.