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Related Concept Videos

Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

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Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
09:52

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Published on: March 16, 2018

Enterosorption as a method to decrease the systemic toxicity of cisplatin.

L A Sakhno1, O V Yurchenko, V N Maslenniy

  • 1R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine. lsakhno7@gmail.com

Experimental Oncology
|March 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterosorption (ES) using activated carbon 1 hour after cisplatin (CP) chemotherapy significantly reduces toxic side effects in rats. This method preserves the anticancer activity of CP, minimizing damage to organs like kidneys and liver.

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Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Enterosorption (ES) is a method to reduce chemotherapy toxicity.
  • The optimal timing for ES administration to avoid reducing anticancer activity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of carbon enterosorbents on the anticancer activity and toxic reactions of cisplatin (CP).
  • To evaluate ES administered 1 hour after intravenous CP in a rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Guerin carcinoma-bearing rats received CP (1 mg/kg) every other day for two weeks.
  • Activated carbon fiber enterosorbents were administered orally 1 hour after CP injection.
  • Body weight, blood biochemistry, and organ morphology were analyzed post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • ES significantly reduced body weight loss and prevented increases in creatinine and urea levels caused by CP.
  • ES mitigated toxic injuries in the kidneys, liver, and spleen.
  • Tumor analysis showed connective tissue and blood vessel formation instead of necrosis, with ES preserving CP's antitumor activity.

Conclusions:

  • Activated carbon enterosorbents administered 1 hour after cisplatin effectively reduce its toxic effects.
  • This timing preserves the complete antitumor activity of cisplatin.
  • ES shows significant detoxicating potential in combination with CP chemotherapy.