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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Electrocortical indices of selective attention predict adolescent executive functioning.

Christine L Lackner1, Diane L Santesso, Jane Dywan

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Adolescent executive functioning is linked to how well their brains process distractions. Poorer executive functions correlate with larger brain responses to ignored sounds, suggesting attention disengagement difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Executive functioning is crucial for adolescent behavioral and mental health.
  • Executive functions are typically viewed as
  • top-down
  • cognitive processes.
  • The relationship between executive functioning and automatic attention processes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between executive functioning skills and automatic selective attention in adolescents.
  • To determine if early electrophysiological responses to unattended stimuli relate to executive function measures.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 12-14-year-old adolescents during an auditory selective attention task.
  • Administered the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to assess executive functions via parental reports.
  • Analyzed ERP components (EFP, N1 amplitude and latency) in relation to BRIEF scores.

Main Results:

  • A larger early frontal positivity (EFP) to ignored tones was associated with poorer executive functions, particularly the Metacognition Index.
  • N1 amplitudes were more negative for attended tones compared to unattended tones, as expected.
  • Shorter N1 latencies to unattended tones correlated with better executive functioning, specifically the Behavior Regulation Index.

Conclusions:

  • The ability to disengage attention from distractors early in stimulus processing is associated with adolescent executive functioning.
  • These findings suggest automatic attention mechanisms contribute to executive function.
  • Early ERP measures may serve as neural markers for executive function in adolescents.