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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

MALAT1 -- a paradigm for long noncoding RNA function in cancer.

Tony Gutschner¹, Monika Hämmerle, Sven Diederichs

¹Helmholtz-University-Group "Molecular RNA Biology & Cancer," German Cancer Research Center DKFZ and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. t.gutschner@dkfz.de

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)

|March 27, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long noncoding RNA crucial for cancer metastasis and cell migration. Future research aims to uncover the specific conditions requiring MALAT1 expression in vivo, despite its non-essential role in normal development.

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Published on: December 13, 2018

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Repression of Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth In Vivo by Single-wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)-delivered MALAT1 Antisense Oligos

Repression of Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth In Vivo by Single-wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)-delivered MALAT1 Antisense Oligos

Published on: December 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), also known as NEAT2, is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA).
MALAT1 was initially identified as a prognostic marker for lung cancer metastasis.
It has been implicated in various human cancers and cell migration.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current knowledge on MALAT1, including its discovery, biogenesis, and regulation.
To describe the known functions, mechanisms of action, and interaction partners of MALAT1.
To highlight MALAT1 as a potential target for antimetastatic therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on MALAT1.
Analysis of studies investigating MALAT1's role in gene expression and alternative splicing.
Examination of knockout mouse models to assess MALAT1's necessity in development.

Main Results:

MALAT1 plays a critical regulatory role in lung cancer metastasis and cell migration.
Proposed mechanisms of action include gene expression regulation and alternative splicing.
MALAT1 is highly conserved in mammals and essential for development under specific stress or pathological conditions, not normal physiology.

Conclusions:

MALAT1 is a significant lncRNA with established roles in cancer metastasis.
Understanding the precise conditions necessitating MALAT1 in vivo is a key future research direction.
MALAT1 represents a promising therapeutic target for antimetastatic strategies.