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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

Patients with refractory epilepsy treated using a modified multiple subpial transection technique.

Glennie Ntsambi-Eba¹, Géraldo Vaz, Marie-Agnès Docquier

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Refractory Epilepsy, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

|March 28, 2013

Summary

This study shows that a modified radiating multiple subpial transection (MST) technique is effective for epilepsy surgery. The procedure, guided by neuronavigation and intraoperative electrocorticography, achieved significant seizure reduction in most patients with low complication rates.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Epileptology
Surgical Neurology

Background:

Multiple subpial transection (MST) is a surgical option for drug-resistant epilepsy with foci in eloquent cortical areas.
Adapting MST techniques is crucial as neurosurgical teams gain experience.

Observation:

A modified radiating MST technique was applied to 62 patients with medically refractory epilepsy over 6 years.
Procedures utilized neuronavigation and intraoperative electrocorticography (iEEG) for precise targeting.
MST was primarily performed in Brodmann areas (BAs) 4 and 3, 1, 2, and also in BAs 44, 22, 39, and 40.

Findings:

Seventy-nine percent of patients experienced at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency.
Forty-two percent of all patients achieved complete seizure freedom.
Permanent neurological deficits occurred in 6.4% of patients, with only 3.2% directly related to MST.

Implications:

Radiating MST, when guided by neuronavigation and iEEG, offers a safe and effective treatment for medically refractory epilepsy.
This modified technique demonstrates favorable seizure control outcomes with acceptable morbidity.
The findings support the continued use and refinement of MST for select epilepsy patients.