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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

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Published on: February 3, 2023

Brain metastases from papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Farnaz C Tahmasebi1, Peter Farmer, Suzanne Z Powell

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine 6 Ohio Drive, Suite 202, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|March 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rare but serious. Aggressive PTC variants, like tall cell, are more prone to brain metastasis, sometimes as the first symptom.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) rarely metastasizes to the brain.
  • Brain metastasis from PTC is associated with a poor prognosis.

Observation:

  • Nine cases of PTC brain metastasis were analyzed (ages 46-87).
  • Symptoms were nonspecific (e.g., headaches); 3/9 presented with brain metastasis first.
  • Aggressive variants, particularly tall cell PTC, showed a higher propensity for brain metastasis.

Findings:

  • Six patients had a history of PTC (2-17 years).
  • Gross total resection was achieved in 8/9 patients; 8/9 received radioactive iodine.
  • Median follow-up was 12 months; 3 patients died within 4 years.

Implications:

  • Aggressive PTC variants may present with or develop brain metastasis more frequently.
  • PTC brain metastasis can occur many years after initial diagnosis.
  • Early detection and management of PTC brain metastasis are crucial.