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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

Pain-related behaviour in children: a randomised study during two sequential dental visits.

E J Hembrecht1, J Nieuwenhuizen, I H A Aartman

  • 1Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, e.hembrecht@acta.nl.

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry : Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry
|March 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

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Children exhibited increased distress during sequential dental treatments, highlighting the need to consider dental anxiety levels when planning appointments. This conditioning effect impacts pediatric dental care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Pain and Distress Management
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Dental anxiety is a significant concern in pediatric dentistry.
  • Understanding children's behavioral responses to dental procedures is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery systems aim to improve patient comfort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare pain and distress behaviors in children between two consecutive dental visits.
  • To investigate the influence of dental anxiety on these behavioral differences.
  • To evaluate two computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery systems: the Wand® and Sleeper One®.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized prospective study involving 112 healthy children across three pediatric dental practices.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

  • Children were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either the Wand® or Sleeper One® during two sequential visits.
  • Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 17 with a significance level of p < 0.01.

    • Main Results:

    • Children displayed significantly increased muscle tension during the second dental treatment session.
    • Verbal protest and crying/screaming were notably higher in the second treatment compared to the first.
    • These behavioral changes suggest a conditioning effect from sequential dental experiences.

    Conclusions:

    • Sequential dental treatments can have a conditioning effect on children's behavior.
    • Assessing and understanding a child's level of dental anxiety is vital.
    • Treatment sequences should be adapted to individual children's needs to mitigate distress.