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Friction forces during sliding of various brackets for malaligned teeth: an in vitro study
Vito Crincoli1, Letizia Perillo, Maria Beatrice Di Bisceglie
1Department of Dental Sciences and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Aims:
To measure the friction force generated during sliding mechanics with conventional, self-ligating (Damon 3 mx, Smart Clip, and Time 3) and low-friction (Synergy) brackets using different archwire diameters and ligating systems in the presence of apical and buccal malalignments of the canine.
Methods:
An experimental setup reproducing the right buccal segment of the maxillary arch was designed to measure the friction force generated at the bracket/wire and wire/ligature interfaces of different brackets. A complete factorial plan was drawn up and a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to investigate whether the following factors affect the values of friction force: (i) degree of malalignment, (ii) diameter of the orthodontic wire, and (iii) bracket/ligature combination. Tukey post hoc test was also conducted to evaluate any statistically significant differences between the bracket/ligature combinations analyzed.
Results:
ANOVA showed that all the above factors affect the friction force values. The friction force released during sliding mechanics with conventional brackets is about 5-6times higher than that released with the other investigated brackets. A quasilinear increase of the frictional forces was observed for increasing amounts of apical and buccal malalignments.
Conclusion:
The Synergy bracket with silicone ligature placed around the inner tie-wings appears to yield the best performance.
