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Related Concept Videos

Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience01:18

Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience

Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

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Published on: September 19, 2019

[Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index (DDPSI): reliability and validity].

Takahiro Yamane1

  • 1Konan Institute of Human Sciences, Konan University, Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan. t-yamane@center.konan-u.ac.jp

Shinrigaku Kenkyu : the Japanese Journal of Psychology
|March 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index (DDPSI), a reliable tool for assessing parental stress in families with developmental disorders. Findings show social support can reduce this stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Context:

  • Parenting children with developmental disorders presents unique challenges.
  • Mothers of children with developmental disorders experience significant stressors.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture the nuances of this parental stress.

Purpose:

  • To develop and validate the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index (DDPSI).
  • To identify key factors contributing to parenting stress in developmental disorders.
  • To examine the relationship between parental stress, social support, and psychological well-being.

Summary:

  • The DDPSI was developed from a survey of 255 mothers of children with developmental disorders.
  • Factor analysis revealed four core stressors: understanding/coping, future anxiety, disorder misunderstanding, and emotional conflict.
  • The DDPSI demonstrated high internal consistency and concurrent validity with established stress scales.

Impact:

  • The DDPSI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring parenting stressors in developmental disorders.
  • Findings highlight the crucial role of social support in mitigating parental stress.
  • This research can inform interventions aimed at supporting parents of children with developmental disorders.