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Pediatric clonidine intoxications.

M J Bamshad1, G S Wasserman

  • 1University of Missouri at Kansas City, School of Medicine.

Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Clonidine intoxication in children can cause serious symptoms like lethargy and respiratory depression. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, showed improvement in half of the treated pediatric cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Clonidine, an antihypertensive, acts on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors.
  • Its mechanism may involve endogenous opioids or opioid receptors in the CNS.
  • Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, has reversed clonidine intoxication effects.

Observation:

  • Twenty-five children (mean age 2 years) were treated for clonidine intoxication over 10 years.
  • Even low doses (0.1 mg) caused significant symptoms.
  • Common findings included somnolence-lethargy, miosis, and respiratory depression.

Findings:

  • A paradoxical hypertensive response occurred in 44% of cases.
  • Supportive care was the primary treatment.
  • Ten patients received naloxone, with 50% showing improved vital signs and reduced CNS depression.

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Implications:

  • Children exhibit unusual sensitivity to clonidine's depressant effects.
  • Naloxone may serve as a valuable adjunct therapy for clonidine intoxication.
  • Increased antihypertensive drug use may lead to more clonidine intoxications.