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Distillation time effect on lavender essential oil yield and composition.

Valtcho D Zheljazkov¹, Charles L Cantrell, Tess Astatkie

¹University of Wyoming, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA. vjeliazk@uwyo.edu

Journal of Oleo Science

|March 29, 2013

Summary

Optimizing lavender essential oil extraction requires careful consideration of distillation time (DT). Maximum yield is achieved around 60 minutes, while specific compound concentrations vary significantly with shorter DTs, allowing for tailored chemical profiles.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Phytochemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is a globally significant essential oil crop.
Steam distillation is the standard commercial method for extracting lavender oil.
Understanding the impact of distillation parameters is crucial for optimizing oil quality and yield.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of varying distillation times (DT) on lavender essential oil yield.
To analyze how different DTs influence the chemical composition of lavender essential oil.
To determine optimal DT for maximizing yield and specific chemical constituents.

Main Methods:

Dried lavender flowers were subjected to steam distillation.
Distillation times ranged from 1.5 to 240 minutes.
Essential oil yield and the concentrations of key compounds (cineole, fenchol, camphor, linalool acetate) were measured.

Main Results:

Essential oil yield peaked at approximately 60 minutes of DT.
Cineole and fenchol concentrations were highest at short DTs (1.5 min) and decreased over time.
Camphor and linalool acetate concentrations showed maximums at intermediate DTs (7.5-15 min and 30 min, respectively).

Conclusions:

Distillation time significantly impacts both the yield and chemical profile of lavender essential oil.
A DT of 60 minutes appears optimal for maximizing overall essential oil yield.
DT can be manipulated to produce lavender oils with distinct chemical compositions from the same plant material.