Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Axial and Appendicular Muscles01:18

Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete sequencing of medaka genomes reveals the architecture of centromeric satellites, giant mobile elements, and sex chromosomes.

Genome research·2026
Same author

Design of Analytical Methods for Protein Adsorption Characteristics at Material Interfaces.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Diagnostic performance of droplet digital PCR for KRAS mutation analysis in pancreatic cancer cytology specimens.

Journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Plasma Biomarkers Associated with Clinical Outcomes of FOLFIRI Plus Ramucirumab in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The JACCRO CC-16AR Trial.

Targeted oncology·2026
Same author

Plasticity-led evolution of the gut length in wild medaka.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Cooperative Roles of Pds5a and Pds5b Constrain Long-Range Chromatin Interactions in Vertebrate Embryos.

Development, growth & differentiation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Using Avian Skin Explants to Study Tissue Patterning and Organogenesis
09:30

Using Avian Skin Explants to Study Tissue Patterning and Organogenesis

Published on: September 15, 2023

Trunk exoskeleton in teleosts is mesodermal in origin.

Atsuko Shimada1, Toru Kawanishi, Takuya Kaneko

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Nature Communications
|March 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vertebrate exoskeleton

More Related Videos

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

A 3-D Tail Explant Culture to Study Vertebrate Segmentation in Zebrafish
11:24

A 3-D Tail Explant Culture to Study Vertebrate Segmentation in Zebrafish

Published on: June 30, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Using Avian Skin Explants to Study Tissue Patterning and Organogenesis
09:30

Using Avian Skin Explants to Study Tissue Patterning and Organogenesis

Published on: September 15, 2023

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

A 3-D Tail Explant Culture to Study Vertebrate Segmentation in Zebrafish
11:24

A 3-D Tail Explant Culture to Study Vertebrate Segmentation in Zebrafish

Published on: June 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Paleontology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The vertebrate mineralized skeleton's origin is debated, with the exoskeleton of jawless fish being the earliest form.
  • The neural crest's role in exoskeleton evolution is hypothesized but lacks experimental evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the embryonic origin of medaka (teleost) scales and fin rays, which form the trunk exoskeleton.
  • To experimentally test the contribution of neural crest cells to these skeletal elements.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term cell labeling techniques were applied to medaka embryos.
  • The developmental fate of different cell populations, including neural crest and mesoderm, was tracked.

Main Results:

  • Medaka scales and fin rays were found to be exclusively of mesodermal origin.
  • Neural crest cells did not contribute to the formation of trunk exoskeletal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • The mesoderm, not the neural crest, is the primary source of the fish trunk skeleton.
  • The neural crest's skeletogenic role may be restricted to the cephalic region in early vertebrate evolution.