Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT₃ Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Deficits in tail-lift and air-righting reflexes in rats after ototoxicity associate with loss of vestibular type I hair cells.

Hearing research·2026

Same author

Astrocytes exploit a neutrophil extracellular trap - like mechanism for myelin management: A new perspective on myelin-related disorders.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026

Same author

Impaired vitamin D signaling reveals novel targets in tooth and alveolar bone.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026

Same author

Age-related behavioral and molecular landmarks in new mouse models for studying Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026

Same author

RXR Gamma Enables Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Sonic Hedgehog Signaling.

Glia·2026

Same author

Specific <i>in vivo</i> detection of V2R-positive metastatic ccRCC using a toxin-based PET radioligand.

Theranostics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Retinoic acid deficiency impairs the vestibular function.

Raymond Romand¹, Wojciech Krezel, Mathieu Beraneck

¹IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), BP 10142, Illkirch F-67404, France. romand@igbmc.fr

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|March 29, 2013

Summary

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (Raldh3) is crucial for inner ear development. Raldh3 deficiency in mice caused severe vestibular dysfunction and structural defects in the inner ear.

More Related Videos

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

Published on: July 11, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

Published on: July 11, 2014

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (Raldh3) synthesizes retinoic acid and is expressed in the developing inner ear.
Retinoic acid signaling is vital for embryonic development, including sensory organ formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Raldh3 in the development and function of the vestibular system.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Raldh3-dependent vestibular development.

Main Methods:

Generation and analysis of Raldh3-deficient mice.
Behavioral testing for vestibular-motor functions (e.g., circling, motor tests).
Video-oculography to assess vestibulo-ocular reflexes.
Morphological analysis of inner ear structures (vestibular organ, semicircular canals, otoconia).
Gene expression analysis (Otop1).

Main Results:

Raldh3-deficient mice displayed severe vestibular impairments, including circling behavior and poor performance in motor function tests.
Complete loss of the maculo-ocular reflex and reduced horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex were observed.
Morphological defects included smaller vestibular organs, thinner semicircular canals, and significantly fewer otoconia.
Reduced expression of Otop1, a gene involved in calcium regulation in otolithic organs, was noted in Raldh3 mutants.

Conclusions:

Raldh3 plays a critical, previously unrecognized role in the structural and functional development of the mammalian vestibular system.
Raldh3 deficiency impacts otoconia formation, potentially through altered Otop1 expression.
These findings highlight the importance of retinoic acid synthesis in inner ear development and balance control.