Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GRNContext: An Interactive Web Platform for Contextualized Gene Regulatory Networks Visualization Across Human Cancers.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Contrasting functions of CD73 and adenosine in CD8+ T-cell exhaustion during antitumor immunity.

Oncoimmunology·2026
Same author

HPV-18-Immortalised Cells Require the Downregulation of the SncmtRNA-2/Hsa-miR-620 Axis During Cell Transformation.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

Transcription-based comparison of <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> or <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-induced experimental periodontitis.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

The Vitamin D Receptor Ortholog Hr96 Modulates Neuronal and Mitochondrial Dynamics in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Molecular neurobiology·2025
Same author

Emergent roles of infant gut microbes during the utilization of human milk oligosaccharides.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings
08:33

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

Published on: February 26, 2016

Fly cryptochrome and the visual system.

Gabriella Mazzotta1, Alessandro Rossi, Emanuela Leonardi

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drosophila cryptochrome (dCRY), a key circadian clock protein, interacts with visual signaling proteins. This interaction, mediated by dCRY's C terminus, impacts fly vision and light-dependent signaling pathways.

More Related Videos

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo
11:42

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Published on: June 19, 2016

Dissection and Immunohistochemistry of Larval, Pupal and Adult Drosophila Retinas
11:58

Dissection and Immunohistochemistry of Larval, Pupal and Adult Drosophila Retinas

Published on: November 14, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings
08:33

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

Published on: February 26, 2016

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo
11:42

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Published on: June 19, 2016

Dissection and Immunohistochemistry of Larval, Pupal and Adult Drosophila Retinas
11:58

Dissection and Immunohistochemistry of Larval, Pupal and Adult Drosophila Retinas

Published on: November 14, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cryptochromes are flavoproteins regulating circadian rhythms and magnetoreception.
  • Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (dCRY) synchronizes the circadian clock and its C terminus modulates protein activity.
  • Light activation of dCRY may involve regulators binding its C-terminal region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional linear motifs conserved in dCRY's C terminus.
  • To identify dCRY interacting proteins involved in signal transduction.
  • To elucidate the role of dCRY in visual signaling and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of conserved motifs in cryptochromes.
  • Coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry to identify dCRY interactors.
  • Molecular and bioinformatic approaches to study protein interactions.
  • Analysis of visual behavior in dCRY mutant flies.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved functional linear motifs and class III PDZ-binding sites in dCRY's C terminus.
  • dCRY interacts with Retinal Degeneration A (RDGA) and Neither Inactivation Nor Afterpotential C (NINAC) proteins.
  • dCRY interacts with NINAC via Inactivation No Afterpotential D (INAD) in a light-dependent manner, mediated by specific domains and the CRY C terminus.
  • dCRY mutants exhibit impaired visual behavior.

Conclusions:

  • dCRY interacts with components of the visual signaling pathway, including NINAC and INAD.
  • The C terminus of dCRY is crucial for its interaction with visual signaling proteins.
  • dCRY plays a role, directly or indirectly, in Drosophila visual perception.