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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Neurofeedback training induces changes in white and gray matter.

Jimmy Ghaziri¹, Alan Tucholka, Vanessa Larue

¹Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition (CERNEC), Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience

|March 29, 2013

Summary

Neurofeedback training (NFT) improved sustained attention and led to measurable microstructural changes in both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) brain regions. This study provides the first empirical evidence of such structural brain alterations following NFT.

Keywords:

gray matter neurofeedback structural magnetic resonance imaging sustained attention white matter

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neuroimaging

Background:

Sustained attention is crucial for cognitive function.
Neurofeedback training (NFT) aims to modulate brain activity for behavioral improvement.
Previous research suggested potential neural correlates of NFT, but direct structural evidence was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if NFT targeting sustained attention induces structural changes in white matter (WM) pathways.
To examine alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) in cortical areas linked by these WM pathways.
To provide empirical evidence for NFT-induced structural brain plasticity.

Main Methods:

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
Neurofeedback training (NFT) protocol focused on enhancing beta-1 (β1) wave amplitude at F4 and P4.
Random assignment to experimental (EXP), sham, or control groups.
Assessment of attentional performance and MRI data pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

The experimental group showed significant improvements in visual and auditory sustained attention.
Increased fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed in WM pathways associated with sustained attention.
Gray matter volume (GMV) increased in frontal and parietal cortical regions involved in sustained attention.

Conclusions:

NFT can induce significant microstructural changes in both white and gray matter.
These findings offer the first empirical demonstration of NFT-related structural brain plasticity.
This research supports the efficacy of NFT for cognitive enhancement through neural structural modification.