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Related Concept Videos

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...

Stages of Sleep

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Plasma urate in REM sleep behavior disorder.

Reinaldo Uribe-San Martín¹, Pablo Venegas Francke, Felipe López Illanes

¹Department of Neurology, School of Medicine. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society

|March 29, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Higher plasma urate levels may indicate a lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This suggests urate may play a protective role in PD development for RBD patients.

Keywords:

Parkinson's disease REM sleep behavior disorder premotor manifestations urate

More Related Videos

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Neurology
Sleep Medicine
Biochemistry

Background:

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a significant predictor of future Parkinson's disease (PD) development.
Elevated serum urate levels have been inversely correlated with PD risk.
Investigating urate levels in RBD patients may offer insights into PD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate plasma urate levels in patients diagnosed with idiopathic RBD.
To determine the association between plasma urate levels and the presence or absence of PD in RBD patients.
To explore the relationship between urate levels and other PD risk markers in RBD.

Main Methods:

Plasma urate levels were measured in 24 patients with idiopathic RBD.
Patients were categorized into two groups: those with PD and those without PD.
Olfaction testing and substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity were assessed as additional PD risk indicators.

Main Results:

No significant differences in age, RBD duration, SN hyperechogenicity, or plasma urate levels were found between groups.
A positive correlation (R² = 0.88) was observed between RBD duration and uric acid levels in patients without PD.
Patients without PD, particularly those with over 5 years of RBD, showed higher uric acid levels compared to PD patients (P=0.02).

Conclusions:

Higher plasma urate levels correlate with a longer duration of RBD in patients who have not yet developed PD.
These findings suggest a potential neuroprotective role for urate in the context of RBD progression towards PD.
Further prospective research is warranted to validate these results and elucidate the role of urate in PD.