Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026

Isolation of Targeted Hypothalamic Neurons for Studies of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Electrical Regulation
Published on: August 4, 2023
Cellular actions of nesfatin-1 on hypothalamic and medullary neurons
Andrea Mimee1, Alastair V Ferguson
1Queen's University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6. avf@queensu.ca.
Abstract:
The present review summarizes the current understanding of the neuronal activation patterns induced by nesfatin-1 in both the hypothalamus and the brainstem, as well as the physiological outcomes caused by the activation of these neuronal populations. Studies using cFos measurements, Ca(2+) imaging techniques, electrophysiological recordings, and microinjections have led to the identification of the paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, lateral and ventromedial hypothalamic areas, as well as medullary centers such as the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus as targets of central nesfatin-1 actions on food intake, cardiovascular function, stress responses, and glucose homeostasis.
Related Concept Videos
Regulation of Food Intake
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
Target Cell Response to Hormones
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Humoral stimuli,...
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...

