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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Assessment of radial pulse01:11

Assessment of radial pulse

Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
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Published on: May 26, 2023

Hand function in children with radial longitudinal deficiency.

Anna Gerber Ekblom1, Lars B Dahlin, Hans-Eric Rosberg

  • 1Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Section of Hand Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden. anna.gerber.ekblom@ki.se

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|March 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In children with radial longitudinal deficiency, wrist and digit range of motion significantly impacts activity and participation. Forearm angulation is less critical than joint mobility for daily function.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children with radial longitudinal deficiency face challenges in manual activities due to forearm and wrist deformities, and impaired hand function.
  • Factors contributing to activity limitations include short/bowed forearm, radial wrist deviation, absent/non-functional thumb, limited finger motion, and reduced grip strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between body structure/function and activity/participation in children with radial dysplasia.
  • To evaluate how specific physical impairments correlate with functional outcomes in pediatric radial longitudinal deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty children (ages 4-17) with Bayne type II-IV radial longitudinal dysplasia were assessed.
  • Evaluated body structure/function (range of motion, grip strength, radiographs) and activity (Box and Block Test, Assisting Hand Assessment [AHA]).
  • Assessed participation using the Children's Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) and analyzed correlations.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibited reduced wrist (49.6°) and digit (447°) range of motion, and lower grip strength (2.7 kg) compared to norms.
  • Mean scores for AHA (55.9) and CHEQ Grasp efficiency (69.3) indicated functional limitations.
  • Total digit range of motion correlated with AHA (p=0.042), and total wrist motion correlated with CHEQ Time (p=0.043).

Conclusions:

  • Total range of motion in digits and wrist is more crucial for a child's activity and participation than wrist angulation in radial longitudinal deficiency.
  • Interventions focusing on improving joint mobility may enhance functional outcomes in these children.