Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intraoperative PTH monitoring: does sampling site or assay generation matter?

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Serum free light chains reference intervals for the Lebanese population.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2024
Same author

Diagnostic challenges and outcome of fatty acid oxidation defects in a tertiary care center in Lebanon.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2024
Same author

Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria: a rare neurometabolic disorder in two siblings.

Metabolic brain disease·2024
Same author

Diagnosis and management of symptomatic profound biotinidase deficiency in a tertiary care center in Lebanon.

Clinical biochemistry·2020
Same author

Outcome of Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia in Lebanon: 14-Year Retrospective Review.

Neuropediatrics·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms in Lebanese with hypercholesterolemia.

Rami A Mahfouz1, Khalil M Charafeddine, Rita F Tanios

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Gene
|March 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study found no link between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene variants and lipid levels in Lebanese hypercholesterolemic individuals. ApoE ε4, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), showed frequencies aligning with Lebanese CVD prevalence.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms (ε2, ε3, ε4) are crucial for lipid metabolism.
  • Apolipoprotein E ε4 is a significant genetic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  • Understanding ApoE polymorphism in hypercholesterolemic populations is vital for CVD risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms (rs 429358C>T, rs 7412C>T) in Lebanese hypercholesterolemic subjects.
  • To investigate the association between ApoE genotypes and lipid parameters (lipid profile, apolipoproteins A-I and B).
  • To compare ApoE ε2 allele frequency with previously reported data in the Lebanese population.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of ApoE polymorphisms (rs 429358C>T, rs 7412C>T) using blood samples.
  • Analysis of lipid profile and apolipoproteins A-I and B from fasting serum samples.
  • Statistical analysis to assess the relationship between ApoE genotypes, lipid parameters, and gender.

Main Results:

  • The study identified ApoE genotypes ε3/ε3 (73.9%), ε3/ε4 (17.4%), ε2/ε3 (6.5%), and ε2/ε4 (2.2%).
  • Allelic frequencies were ε2 (4.3%), ε3 (85.9%), and ε4 (9.8%).
  • No statistically significant associations were found between ApoE genotypes and lipid parameters or gender (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype frequencies in this Lebanese hypercholesterolemic cohort did not correlate with lipid profiles.
  • The observed ApoE ε4 allele frequency aligns with general CVD prevalence in Lebanon.
  • Further large-scale prospective studies are recommended to explore correlations between ApoE polymorphisms and other CVD risk factors.