[Athlete's heart in the young: electrocardiographic and echocardiographic patterns in 107 French athletes]

Since 2009 in France, every people practicing sport in competition must have a cardiovascular exam with electrocardiogram, to prevent sudden cardiac death. Sometimes, an echocardiography will be necessary. Little is known about athlete's heart in the young, particularly in the French people.

One hundred and seven French elite adolescent athletes had an electrocardiogram with echocardiography to establish reference values in this population.

QTcorrected (QTc) interval calculated by the Hodges formula, is always in the normal values. Interventricular septal thickness is always ≤ 11 mm and left ventricular end diastolic diameter ≤ 55 mm in about 90 % of the athletes. Females have QTc interval longer than males and interventricular septal thickness finer. Diastolic function (18.9 ± 2.6 cm/s for e', E/e' ratio at 5.3 ± 0.8) is "supernormal" and correlate with age and cardiac frequency. Right ventricular systolic function is always good.

Adolescent athlete's heart is normal. If QTc interval is not normal, be afraid of a QT long syndrome. Furthermore, when interventricular septal thickness is > 11 mm or left ventricular end diastolic diameter > 55 mm, myocardiopathy will have to be ruled out.