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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
08:16

Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

Published on: September 28, 2022

Observing temperature fluctuations in humans using infrared imaging.

Wei-Min Liu1, Joseph Meyer, Christopher G Scully

  • 1Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA ; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal
|March 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional infrared imaging detects low-frequency temperature changes in human skin. Large veins show distinct contractility patterns compared to microvasculature and surrounding skin tissue.

Keywords:
infrared imaginglow frequency oscillationskin microvasculaturethermoregulationwavelet phase coherence

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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
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Published on: September 28, 2022

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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
04:54

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Understanding thermal dynamics in human skin is crucial for various physiological and diagnostic applications.
  • Non-invasive methods are needed to differentiate between various tissue types based on their thermal properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capability of functional infrared imaging (fIR) in detecting low-frequency temperature fluctuations in human skin.
  • To differentiate between microvasculature, large subcutaneous veins, and surrounding skin tissue based on thermal characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional infrared imaging (fIR) to capture temperature fluctuations in intact human forearm skin.
  • Applied spectral and time-frequency analyses, including wavelet phase coherence and power spectrum correlation, to analyze thermal data.
  • Compared thermal behavior across three distinct tissue classes: microvasculature, large subcutaneous veins, and surrounding tissue.

Main Results:

  • fIR successfully detected low-frequency (0.005-0.06 Hz) temperature fluctuations in human skin.
  • Large subcutaneous veins exhibited significantly stronger contractility within the 0.005-0.06 Hz range compared to microvasculature and surrounding tissue.
  • Microvasculature and avascular skin regions demonstrated high phase coherence at low frequencies, while large veins oscillated independently.

Conclusions:

  • Functional infrared imaging is a viable tool for characterizing thermal dynamics in human skin.
  • Distinct low-frequency thermal oscillation patterns can differentiate between major vascular structures and surrounding tissues.
  • This technique offers potential for non-invasive physiological monitoring and tissue characterization.