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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

Published on: August 10, 2015

Toward a bioartificial kidney: will embryonic stem cells be the answer?

Carol A Pollock¹

¹Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. carol.pollock@sydney.edu.au

Kidney International

|March 30, 2013

Summary

Researchers developed a method to guide human embryonic stem cells into kidney cells. This advance is crucial for creating engineered kidneys for transplantation and in vitro testing, addressing a major challenge in nephrology.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

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Published on: August 10, 2015

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Published on: March 27, 2018

Isogenic Kidney Glomerulus Chip Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Isogenic Kidney Glomerulus Chip Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 4, 2022

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Stem Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Developing functional renal tubular cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is challenging.
Existing differentiation and culture protocols lack definition and reproducibility.
Bioreactor viability is essential for therapeutic and in vitro applications of hESC-derived cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail a methodology for directing hESC differentiation into functional renal tubular cells.
To establish reproducible protocols for hESC differentiation and culture.
To ensure the viability of these cells under bioreactor conditions for potential applications.

Main Methods:

Detailed description of a novel differentiation protocol for hESCs.
Optimization of culture conditions for renal tubular cell development.
Assessment of cell viability and function under simulated bioreactor environments.

Main Results:

Successful differentiation of hESCs into functional renal tubular cells.
Demonstration of reproducible protocols.
Confirmation of cell viability and functionality in bioreactor cultures.

Conclusions:

The described methodology provides a defined and reproducible protocol for generating renal tubular cells from hESCs.
This advancement is critical for the development of in vitro testing platforms and potential therapeutic applications.
The findings represent a significant step towards the creation of a bioartificial kidney.