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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Epigenetic reprogramming in cancer.

Mario L Suvà1, Nicolo Riggi, Bradley E Bernstein

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cell state transitions, driven by transcription factors and chromatin regulators, offer insights into cancer development and stem cell models. Understanding these mechanisms is key for regenerative medicine and oncology.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotency and direct lineage conversion reveal the roles of transcription factors and chromatin regulators in cell state transitions.
  • These processes have implications for regenerative medicine and understanding cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conceptual parallels between cell state transitions and oncogenesis.
  • To highlight interrelationships among transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and epigenetic states in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis.
  • Comparative analysis of mechanisms in cell reprogramming and cancer biology.

Main Results:

  • Shared mechanisms involving transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and epigenetic states are identified.

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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  • These shared pathways illuminate oncogenic transformation and tumor heterogeneity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Understanding cell state transition mechanisms provides insights into cancer stem cell models.
    • The findings bridge regenerative medicine and cancer research by highlighting common regulatory principles.