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Related Concept Videos

Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

Mixed semiconductor alloys for optical devices.

Thomas F Kuech1, Luke J Mawst, April S Brown

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. kuech@engr.wisc.edu

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are developing new semiconducting alloys for advanced electronics. By controlling synthesis conditions, they can create novel materials for optical communications and solid-state lighting applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Semiconductor Technology

Background:

  • Growing demand for advanced semiconducting materials with tunable physical and electronic properties.
  • Challenges in synthesizing novel alloy semiconductors due to limited miscibility.
  • Need for materials enabling precise control over multilayer heterostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the properties, stability, and chemistry of novel alloy semiconductors.
  • To enable the growth of nominally unstable alloy semiconductors for device applications.
  • To expand the range of available semiconducting materials for technological advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on synthetic conditions dominated by kinetic growth rather than mass-transport.
  • Detailed investigation of material properties, stability, and chemistry.
  • Fabrication and integration of novel alloys into device structures.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of previously unstable alloy semiconductors.
  • Demonstration of enhanced control over material properties through kinetic growth.
  • Realization of materials suitable for demanding electronic and optical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Kinetic growth control is key to overcoming miscibility limitations in alloy semiconductors.
  • Novel semiconducting alloys are enabling advancements in optical communications and solid-state lighting.
  • This research expands the toolkit of materials available for next-generation electronic devices.