Community-based primary prevention programs decrease the rate of metabolic syndrome among socioeconomically...

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Preventive Medicine
• Cardiovascular Health

Background:

• Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• Low-income and minority women exhibit disproportionately high rates of MetSyn.
• Existing primary prevention programs may not adequately address the needs of this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effectiveness of a unique, community-based primary prevention program on MetSyn rates.
• To assess the program's impact on health habits and psychological well-being in a vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

• Sixty-four low-income, minority women participated in the HAPPY (Health Awareness and Primary Prevention in Your neighborhood) Heart Program over two years.
• An interdisciplinary medical team provided comprehensive care, including primary physician, cardiologist, nutritionist, physical therapist, and health coach.
• MetSyn rates were measured at baseline, year 1, and year 2, with statistical comparisons using paired t tests or Wilcoxon Sign tests.

Main Results:

• MetSyn prevalence decreased significantly from 64.7% at baseline to 34.9% at year 1 (p=0.01) and 28.2% at year 2 (p<0.001).
• Improvements were driven by increased HDL-C and reduced blood pressure; HbA1c also showed a significant decrease.
• Participants reported significant reductions in anxiety, depression, and stress levels.

Conclusions:

• The lifestyle intervention program effectively reduced MetSyn in a socioeconomically disadvantaged, largely minority, female population.
• The program demonstrated positive impacts on cardiovascular risk factors and mental health outcomes.
• Community-based, interdisciplinary approaches are vital for primary prevention in at-risk populations.