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Related Concept Videos

Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
Pulse01:05

Pulse

The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls between...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

Defining pulsatility during continuous-flow ventricular assist device support.

Kevin G Soucy1, Steven C Koenig, Guruprasad A Giridharan

  • 1Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CVADs) offer benefits for heart failure patients but may cause adverse events due to reduced pulsatility. New methods are needed to quantify pulsatility for better patient outcomes.

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Use of Two Intracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices As a Total Artificial Heart
08:49

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Published on: May 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Heart Failure Therapy

Background:

  • Continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CVADs) are widely used for advanced heart failure, offering advantages over older pulsatile devices.
  • Despite clinical success, adverse events like bleeding and valve issues are linked to diminished arterial pulsatility from CVADs.
  • The clinical importance of vascular pulsatility in CVAD support remains a subject of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for quantifying vascular pulsatility in patients supported by CVADs.
  • To explore the application of these methods in researching physiological responses to CVADs.
  • To address the challenges in accurately measuring pulsatility with modern CVADs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CVADs and vascular pulsatility.
  • Analysis of traditional pulsatility measurements (pulse pressure, pulsatility index) and their limitations.
  • Exploration of advanced kinetic measurements (energy equivalent pressure, surplus hemodynamic energy).

Main Results:

  • Traditional pulsatility metrics are insufficient for mechanically derived flows, especially with speed-modulated CVADs.
  • Kinetic measurements offer a more accurate quantification of pulsatile energies but face adoption challenges.
  • Conflicting findings in comparative studies stem from variations in device operation and measurement criteria.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate quantification of vascular pulsatility is crucial for understanding and mitigating CVAD-related adverse events.
  • Advanced kinetic energy measurements show promise but require further development for clinical use.
  • Further research is needed to refine pulsatility measurement techniques and their clinical application in CVAD therapy.