Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
Internal Loadings in Structural Members: Problem Solving01:28

Internal Loadings in Structural Members: Problem Solving

When designing or analyzing a structural member, it is important to consider the internal loadings developed within the member. These internal loadings include normal force, shear force, and bending moment. Engineers can ensure that the structural member can support the applied external forces by calculating these internal loadings.
To illustrate this, let's consider a beam OC of 5 kN, inclined at an angle of 53.13° with the horizontal and supported at both ends. Determine the internal loadings...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.
Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key aspect...
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD31<sup>+</sup> Cell Enrichment Enhances Therapeutic Effects of Stromal Vascular Fraction in Experimental Primary Osteoarthritis: A Preclinical Study in the Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pig Model.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

A 3D Human Bone and Bone Marrow-on-a-Chip Model for In Vitro Bone Remodeling and Immune Cell Maintenance.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Callus formation during healing is guided by local strain: a retrospective clinical observation.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026
Same author

Primary fixation stability evaluation of pre-bent titanium miniplate configurations in mandibular reconstruction.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Cell type-specific response to curvature controls tissue growth dynamics in biomaterial pores.

Bioactive materials·2026
Same author

Novel image registration approach for combining 2D Osterix and collagen bundles images with 3D micro-CT.

JBMR plus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
09:32

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Considerations when loading spinal finite element models with predicted muscle forces from inverse static analyses.

Rui Zhu1, Thomas Zander, Marcel Dreischarf

  • 1Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Biomechanics
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Finite element (FE) and inverse static (IS) models improve spine biomechanics. Combining them reveals that rigid vertebrae and fixed rotation centers in IS models significantly impact FE model accuracy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
09:32

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Spinal Mechanics
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Finite element (FE) models of the spine often use simplified loads due to limited physiological muscle loading data.
  • Inverse static (IS) models can predict muscle forces for specific postures.
  • Combining FE and IS models offers a path toward more realistic spinal simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the discrepancies arising from applying muscle forces calculated in IS models to FE models.
  • To quantify the impact of vertebral elasticity and center of rotation definitions on spinal biomechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle forces were calculated using an IS model for 20° flexion and 10° extension.
  • These forces were then applied to a FE model with both rigid and elastic vertebrae and fixed/non-fixed centers of rotation.
  • Deviations in intervertebral rotation (IVR) between the FE and IS models were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Vertebral elasticity had a minor effect on IVRs during extension.
  • A non-fixed center of rotation increased IVR deviation by approximately 0.5° per segment during extension.
  • Flexion showed a greater IVR deviation (around 1° per segment) when both elasticity and non-fixed rotation centers were considered.

Conclusions:

  • The rigidity of segments and fixed centers of rotation in IS models are significant limitations when their outputs are used in FE models.
  • Accurate spinal biomechanical simulations require careful consideration of these IS model limitations.
  • Future research should address these factors for more precise FE modeling of spinal loading.