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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function
07:30

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Published on: December 7, 2019

Reprogramming by cell fusion: boosted by Tets.

Gabriella Ficz1, Wolf Reik

  • 1Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.

Molecular Cell
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fusion of pluripotent cells with somatic cells reprograms the somatic genome. Tet1 and Tet2 hydroxylases are key to this process, impacting DNA methylation of pluripotency genes and parental imprints.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming by pluripotent cells is a key mechanism in developmental biology.
  • DNA methylation plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining cell identity.
  • Parental imprints are epigenetic modifications that distinguish parental alleles.

Discussion:

  • Tet1 and Tet2 hydroxylases are crucial for demethylating pluripotency genes during somatic cell reprogramming.
  • These enzymes are also involved in resetting parental imprints, ensuring proper epigenetic inheritance.
  • Understanding the role of Tet1 and Tet2 provides insights into the mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming.

Key Insights:

  • Tet1 and Tet2 hydroxylases are essential for reprogramming somatic cell genomes.
  • These enzymes mediate DNA methylation changes critical for pluripotency gene reactivation.
  • Resetting of parental imprints by Tet1 and Tet2 is vital for successful reprogramming.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into Tet hydroxylases could reveal novel therapeutic targets for regenerative medicine.
  • Exploring the precise mechanisms of Tet1 and Tet2 in imprint resetting may clarify developmental processes.
  • This research lays the groundwork for understanding epigenetic plasticity and its manipulation.