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Do differences in sensitivity between native and invasive amphipods explain their coexistence in Lake Constance? A

Mirco Bundschuh1, René Gergs, Sebastian Schadt

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The invasive Dikerogammarus villosus amphipod shows higher tolerance to the pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin than the native Gammarus roeselii. This suggests pesticides do not explain their distribution, but D. villosus significantly impacts leaf decomposition.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Invasive Species Biology

Background:

  • Invasive species pose significant threats to global biodiversity.
  • Dikerogammarus villosus, an invasive Ponto-Caspian amphipod, has spread across Europe and reached Lake Constance.
  • Despite its competitiveness, D. villosus has not fully displaced the native Gammarus roeselii, particularly in agriculturally impacted areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if differential sensitivity to the pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin explains the distribution patterns of D. villosus and G. roeselii.
  • To assess the tolerance of both invasive and native amphipod species to lambda-cyhalothrin, a common pyrethroid in the Lake Constance region.

Main Methods:

  • Feeding activity bioassays measured leaf consumption by both species over 7 days.
  • Predation bioassays assessed the predation rate on Baetis nymphs alongside feeding activity on leaf material over 96 hours.
  • Tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin was quantified based on observed feeding and predation rates.

Main Results:

  • Dikerogammarus villosus exhibited up to a 5-fold higher tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin compared to Gammarus roeselii.
  • The pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin was not found to be the primary factor driving the observed distribution patterns of the two amphipod species.
  • D. villosus demonstrated high leaf-shredding efficacy, indicating a potentially underestimated role in leaf decomposition.

Conclusions:

  • The coexistence of D. villosus and G. roeselii is likely influenced by factors other than pesticide sensitivity, such as habitat structure diversity or ammonia levels.
  • The invasive amphipod D. villosus plays a significant role in ecosystem processes like leaf decomposition.
  • Further research should explore additional ecological factors influencing the distribution and impact of invasive species.